Cosmology Transition

Cosmology is in Transition. This book follows the book Observing Our Universe, which marked the need for a transition in cosmology. The first book explained several crucial mistakes in cosmology, some dating back 100 years, including the one which resulted in dark energy. This second book explains how cosmology can transition after fixing the mistakes and their consequences, and then considering alternatives for a better cosmology. The first book mentioned possible changes. This book describes some of the available alternatives for this transition in cosmology.The book weaves several threads to propose a new path for a new cosmology.Among those threads are: a) a new solar model based on one proposed by Hannes Alfven, but this model uses condensed matter, not gaseous plasma, b) a model for a spiral galaxy based on one proposed by Hannes Alfven, c) the author's quasar model, d) the replacement of relativity with the appropriate mix of the forces of electric, magnetic, and gravity. Gravity alone fails in cosmology, beyond the solar system.Relativity enabled the concept of a black hole, which arose only for the moving observer but then cosmology claimed this space-time could be applied to the universe. Relativity fails in cosmology. The claimed M87 black hole was really a plasmoid. Hannes Alfven was awarded the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his important work developing plasma physics. Cosmology made a mistake when not adopting this crucial advance in physics. Nearly all the universe is plasma, or matter with an electrical charge, but cosmology maintained its reliance on the weaker force of gravity. The result was the dark matter mistake.This book offers alternatives for this transition. This is not a definitive plan. There is more than one alternative and this author cannot claim with certainty a correct path, but practical alternatives are offered. Our solar system is understood but there are problems beyond our Local Group. This transition to recover from fundamental mistakes has several clear alternatives for this time of transition. Perhaps this transition will be difficult. After the double debacle of dark matter and dark energy, cosmology needs suggestions.